Digital transformation is a global trend that is redefining the mining industry. The introduction of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, real-time data analytics, and automation has improved operational efficiency and reduced risks. The use of technology can reduce workers' exposure to operational hazards and minimize environmental impact through better resource management. However, Peruvian mining still faces challenges in effectively adopting and integrating these technologies, due to a lack of digital infrastructure, resistance to change, and the need for more training in advanced tools.

In Peru, the mining sector faces the challenge of improving operational efficiency in a context of rising costs and stricter regulations. The implementation of technologies such as digital twins, automation, and advanced analytics can optimize processes, reduce input consumption, and enhance real-time decision-making. However, adoption remains difficult due to technological fragmentation, a shortage of data-literate talent (such as data scientists), lack of knowledge about mining processes, resistance to change, and conservative attitudes toward the benefits of adopting new technologies.

Mining activity demands continuous and thorough protection of workers to minimize accident risk and ensure a safe and healthy work environment. Occupational safety and health are fundamental at all operational stages, beginning with shift changes and extending through every process—from task planning and execution to equipment and facilities maintenance and supervision. This requires a comprehensive safety culture that prioritizes risk prevention, continuous training, and the use of technology as a key ally. From smart sensors to AI for risk prediction, technological solutions can help reduce incidents, enhance safety, and move toward zero-accident operations.

In Peru, it can take around four years from identifying an area of interest to deploying drilling equipment, compared to just eight months to a year in other countries (IIMP, 2025). The exploration stage involves significant investment, which is only recovered if a technically and economically viable mineral deposit is discovered.

Exploration and extraction are complex and costly processes that require constant innovation. In the Peruvian context, mining requires technologies that enable the identification of new deposits with greater precision and efficiency, reducing costs and minimizing environmental impact. Solutions such as machine learning, remote sensing, and automated drilling can significantly contribute to making these processes more sustainable and profitable by improving efficiency and reducing risks.

Illegal mining is a critical issue in Peru, with severe environmental damage, loss of human lives, and various negative economic, social, and psychosocial impacts across regions. To tackle this challenge comprehensively, regulatory and governance efforts must be complemented by the use of advanced technologies that enable real-time monitoring and control of illicit activities.

Tools such as artificial intelligence, blockchain for traceability, and surveillance drones can play a crucial role in strengthening oversight and governance of the mining sector. The implementation of such technological solutions can significantly contribute to reducing informal and illegal mining.